Fiber Optic Network Technology Using Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

Businesses depend upon their networks as kuala lumpur city lifeblood of day-to-day operations. Bottlenecks in data communication mean lost time and lost time translates cititel malaysia a loss in revenue. It malaysian kempas essential broadband for free companies to stay up to date with the best technologies that keep the network performing at an optimum level.

Information sharing has permeated society at every level, simultaneously straining the backbones on which the global network was built. Understanding the latest innovations is key for any business looking to accelerate past the competition.

The explosive growth of voice and data transmission flowing over the Internet Protocol (IP) has been largely responsible for straining back-haul network bandwidth. Some ISPs are reporting that bandwidth demand on their backbone connections is doubling approximately every 8 to 14 months in response to ever-increasing Internet traffic.

The Internet backbone must further deal with the increasingly complex makeup of the traffic itself. Multiple data protocols must be transmitted, including circuit-based communications such as fax or TDM voice, IP packets or even packet-switching protocols and frame relay.

Faced with these concerns, Internet carriers traditionally were forced to lay additional fiber optic cabling to accommodate additional demand for bandwidth. However, at a minimum starting cost of $70,000 USD per mile, the associated costs are prohibitive in most situations except for the highest-level backbone connections.

Need always leads to innovation. broadband cable providers development of DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a key innovation that allows for more bandwidth without installing additional, cost-prohibitive cabling. The concept is easy to understand: Increase the number of wavelengths that can be transmitted on a fiber. Fiber optic cabling uses lasers for transmission through the glass medium.

Previously, these transmissions were carried out at a single frequency. By simultaneously transmitting data at different frequencies or different light colors, the signal is multiplexed. This action effectively increases fiber optic cable capacity by a factor between 16 and 32.

Since the introduction of fiber optic cabling, SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) has been the standard communication protocol in North America. SONET works by taking network signals and multiplexing them into a single wavelength to be transmitted over fiber. Counting on a single light wave to carry all the data drastically limits the capacity of the protocol.

SONET transports TDM data over the optical medium. Further inefficiency is created by current TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) technology. TDM was initially developed by phone companies to maximize the amount of voice data that can be transmitted over a medium.

TDM works by increasing capacity of the backbone link by collecting bits of raw data from multiple sources and multiplexing them at the higher transmission rate. TDM reserves time slots in the process to transmit the multiple sources in round-robin order. However, the proliferation of other data formats not based on circuits such as IP and cell-based transmissions forces TDM to deal with formats for which it was not designed. For example, Ethernet transmissions over SONET result in wasted bandwidth of up to 80% in a 10 Base-T connection.

TDM was never designed to handle anything other than voice data. Where SONET relies on TDM to transmit data for which it was not designed, drastic deficiencies occur.

Here are some key benefits of DWDM technology over SONET:

?Transparency - Operating at the primary layer of network architecture with raw data bits and streams, DWDM is able to support TDM and any other data format such as Ethernet, ATM, Fibre Channel or ESCON.

?Scalability - DWDM utilizes "dark fiber" or bandwidth otherwise wasted by inefficient transmission protocols like SONET for an instant boost.

?Dynamic provisioning - Eliminating time slots for data transmission allows for connections to be provided dynamically at a much higher rate. ?Reduced need for regenerators - Transmitting multiple signals over a single fiber decreases the need for additional expensive equipment otherwise needed to re-amplify and de-multiplex signals over multiple fibers.

Four important questions readers should ask themselves:

1. Are you experiencing bottlenecks in your fiber optic network?

2. Does your network continuously transmit multiple data formats?

3. Are you looking for a simple, yet highly effective technology to gain a competitive edge?

4. What is keeping your business from transitioning to DWDM on the back-haul networks across the enterprise? DWDM technology dramatically increases transmission capacity while simplifying scalability concerns at the same time. The primary requirement is installing higher transmission capacity at one end of the fiber optic cabling.

DWDM drastically reduces signal congestion created by amplifiers and regenerators. High-capacity network transmissions around the business can be conducted without some of this equipment when DWDM is implemented.

DWDM is a smart strategy for a highly optimized optical network. Since the sharing of information is the lifeblood of any business, the network must have the highest level of availability, and change password tmnet must be kept to an absolute minimum.

Backups performed in real-time and decentralized processing are essential to keeping mission-critical applications online, as are parallel processing and a comprehensive disaster recovery plan. The common theme among these best practices is the requirement for a network of the highest quality, efficiency and reliability.

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is a smart alternative to traditional Time Division Multiplexing. Know what your options are now and consider the benefits as you expand business operations.

Copyright 2008 Coprofit, All rights reserved.

About the Author: Michael G. Perry has more than 20 years' professional experience in management, IT consulting and writing technical documentation related to business process, policies and procedures.

To learn more visit http://sisnv.net/ to email Michael directly.

Disclaimer/Release of Liability Statement: Regarding knowledge shared in this article, Michael G. Perry will not be held responsible for any consequential damages resulting from the application of content or recommendations.

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Michael Perry
Author - Lecturer
mikeperry@sisnv.net

DEC 23 ?Yes it's that time of the year again, when we sit down and reflect on the months behind malaysia hotel Boy, what a wireless broadband Everything was quiet until March when all hell broke loose; BN lost its two-thirds majority and four state governments fell to the opposition (Kelantan was already under Pas).

Anwar, hitherto politically dead, came back like a phoenix rising from the ashes. It was truly unbelievable. Not a single political analyst saw it coming. Now exactly one year later, in March 2009, the man who led the BN will have to pay the ultimate price.

More importantly, the elections gave Malaysians the voice they were looking for. Nowadays anything and everything can be discussed (especially on the Internet). I cannot think of anything that is off-limits anymore. Much of the chatter on the Internet would be considered seditious just two years ago.

Retirees Are Moving to Panama

Another Panamanian secret has been revealed during the past few yearsit streamyx pop3 a great place to retire to. In 2001, International Living, the renowned magazine klang valley malaysia recognized expert for promoting U.S. expatriate lifestyles, stated that Panama is the best place to live outside bangsar malaysia the United States. The American Association of Retired Peoples (AARP) Modern Maturity Magazine, has ranked Panamas town of Boquete as fourth in its listing of the "Fifteen best cities in the world for U.S. retirees."

Panamas popularity as a retirement destination is easy to define. This countrys mixture of a high quality of life, easy life-style, retirement incentives and modern amenities allow persons to change their location and lives, with very little problem.

To begin with, Panama is an incredibly beautiful country. It has a diversity of flora and fauna that is found in no other place, due to the Isthmus?position as the crossroads of North and South America. Potential residential opportunities range over city, mountain, beach and island communities so that a special place can be found to suit anyones taste. Once you decide where to settle, you have the security of knowing that, as a foreigner, you can own property easily and are granted exactly the same rights and protections as a Panamanian property owner.

Due to the pull-out of the American military and other factors, prices for Panamanian real estate have remained basically unchanged from the early 1990s (except for "hot" areas like Boquete in Chiriqui and the islands of the Bocas del Toro archipelago). As of this writing some representative prices in the better known areas include: a three-bedroom, apartment in Panama City, $60,000; a two-bedroom condo in a new high rise, $175,000; a four-plex building in the old Albrook military base, $155,000; a three-bedroom malacca tour with lot in Boquete, $100,000; and, a home on the beach in Colon, $40,000.

There are a number of real estate land developments ideal for retirees. Foremost among these is Altos de Cerro Azul and Altos del Maria, both within reasonable distance from Panama City but situated in cooler, mountainous areas and with their own residential infraestructure and services such as clinics and supermarkets close by.

Once you purchase your home, you can also bring your personal and house belongings with you tax-free and a new car (for private use) every two years, plus you pay no property taxes on your residence. If all this is not beneficial enough, English, is spoken widely enough so chances are you can converse with at least some of your new neighbors.

Panama is one of the safest countries in the world and has the highest rating for tourist safety from the prestigious Pinkerton Intelligence Agency. Panama is a constitutional democracy with no dictator and no standing army. Due to the presence of the Panama Canal, Panama also enjoys international protection and monitoring.

In terms of health standards Panama is among the top countries in Latin America. Life expectancy is around 75 years. A large percentage of Panamanian doctors are bilingual and have been trained in Europe and the United States. Private medical facilities are among the best in Central America (many are affiliated with major hospitals in the U.S.). In addition, health standards in most parts of the country are quite good as a result of massive sanitation programs initiated during the construction of the Panama Canal. Water is also potable in most of the country and in the cities you can drink straight from the tap.

Making the most of their money is, of course, a prime concern for retirees. The U.S. dollar has always been the republics currency. Panama is known for its banking center, which boasts branch banks from nearly all of the international players. On another note, the cost of living is reasonable and is much less than in the States and Europe. Inflation rates are some of the lowest known, normally hovering between 1% and 2%. Plus, pensioners, or "jubilados" to use the Spanish term receive generous price discounts such as 50% on movies and cultural events, 30% on transportation, 25% on utilities, 15% on personals loans and 1% on personal mortgages.

Those settling in Panama can expect the tab for day-to-day living to be significantly less than in "first-world" countries. Nice apartments and homes can be rented for $1,000 or less per month. Grocery prices are 25%-30% lower. A meal at a good restaurant can be enjoyed for $15-$40. First-run movie tickets are $3.75. Concert tickets range from $20-$100. Maid service is around $180 per month. Gardeners cost under $10 a day. A bottle of Scotch whisky can be found for $6.

Purchasing just what you need is not usually a problem. Due to its mixture of cultures and positioning as an international trade hub, Panama offers a wide range of top-quality goods and, therefore, shopping options.

Keeping in touch with friends, family and the rest of the world is no problem. High-band Internet connectivity, cellular phone networks and ADSL broadband phone phone capability are readily accessible. Full service satellite and cable TV are common.

Regarding accessibility, many major airlines call at Panamas Tocumen International Airport, including American and Delta. Panamas international airline COPA flies to 29 cities in 19 countries and now has direct flights from Houston, Los Angeles, Miami (2 1/2 hours), Newark and Orlando. There are also direct flights from the major Central and South American centers. Anyone wishing to travel from the Eastern phone and broadband packages will probably be routed through the U.S.

Finally, obtaining a retiree visa is a very simple and inexpensive process. All you need is a "clean" police report from the area in which you lived before Panama, a certificate of health from a Panamanian doctor and proof of personal income of $500 per month, with $100 monthly for any dependents.

Given all the benefits listed above, it is no wonder that for those looking to retire, Panama has become the Latin American location of choice.

If you desire more information about retiring in Panama, numerous legal firms offer a full line of advisory and relocation services. Retirement-related reading includes: Getting to Know Panama? The Visitor?and Focus on Panama? published by Focus Publications (Int), S.A. (www.focuspublicationsint.com), Living in Panama?from the American Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Panama celcom broadband wireless malaysia under "Publications") and the Panama Country Kit from International Livings Panama branch (www.agora-inc.com/reports/pvom/wilvbb31). Another good source of information is Panama Info (www.panamainfo.com).

Americans may want to contact the American Society of Panama (www.amso.org). There are a number of klang valley for foreigners and of interest to foreigners including active groups of Alcoholics Anonymous (www.panamakevin.com)

Panama Relocation Services was created to offer full-assistance in the process of moving and relocating in Panama or from Panama to another country. Services include airport pick-up, orientation to Panama, search for and installation in new residence, help in finding schools and doctors and everything a person or family could need in starting a new life. (www.panamarelocation.com)

Author: Kenneth J. Jones
- General Manager -
Focus Publications (Int.), S.A.
Panama, R.P.
http://www.focuspanama.com/